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# Binary Land-Cover Marker Examples

## Agricultural field with built-up structures

### Description

The first example, FOI = [92287319](https://am-pilot.sinergise.com/phoenix/scopes/DEMO_FR23/foi-view/DEMO_FR23.FOI.92287319?from=2023-01-01\&to=2023-12-31\&selected=2023-03-01\&markerContext=DEMO_FR23.MARKER_CONTEXT.1429\&upsampling=NEAREST\&validSignal=true\&layer=SENTINEL2-BUILD-UP-MASK\&displayByWeek=false\&observationsPerRow=6\&padding=10\&baseLayer=Satellite\&overlays=%5B%22FOI%22%2C%22FOIs%22%5D\&pageIndex=0\&pageSize=100\&key=NEAREST), is claimed to be an agricultural area. However, using the binary land-cover marker approach outlined above, we have found that part of the FOI is likely covered with artificial surfaces.

**Key findings:**

* The built-up mask (applied to Sentinel-2) clearly shows artificial structures within the agricultural area
* This finding is confirmed by the timelapse component in the bottom right corner of the screen
* External validation through [Roads and building detection](https://www.planet.com/pulse/mapping-all-of-earths-roads-and-buildings-from-space/) corroborates the presence of built-up structures

![](/data/area-monitoring/markers/binary-land-cover-marker/binary_marker_example.webp)

### Link

[See in Area Monitoring App](https://am-pilot.sinergise.com/phoenix/scopes/DEMO_FR23/foi-view/DEMO_FR23.FOI.92287319?from=2023-01-01\&to=2023-12-31\&selected=2023-03-01\&markerContext=DEMO_FR23.MARKER_CONTEXT.1429\&upsampling=NEAREST\&validSignal=true\&layer=SENTINEL2-BUILD-UP-MASK\&displayByWeek=false\&observationsPerRow=6\&padding=10\&baseLayer=Satellite\&overlays=%5B%22FOI%22%2C%22FOIs%22%5D\&pageIndex=0\&pageSize=100\&key=NEAREST)

## Artificial surface with consistently low NDVI

### Description

The second example, FOI = [92288632](https://am-pilot.sinergise.com/phoenix/scopes/DEMO_FR23/foi-view/DEMO_FR23.FOI.92288632?from=2023-01-01\&to=2023-12-31\&selected=2023-09-06\&markerContext=DEMO_FR23.MARKER_CONTEXT.1429\&upsampling=NEAREST\&validSignal=true\&layer=SENTINEL2-BARESOIL-MASK\&displayByWeek=false\&observationsPerRow=6\&padding=10\&baseLayer=Satellite\&overlays=%5B%22FOI%22%2C%22FOIs%22%5D\&pageIndex=0\&pageSize=100), is also claimed to be arable land. However, we can clearly see from the example that the FOI is inconsistent with this claim due to consistently low NDVI values throughout the year.

**Key findings:**

* Constantly low NDVI values indicate absence of healthy vegetation
* The temporal pattern is inconsistent with typical agricultural land use
* Visual inspection confirms the presence of artificial surfaces rather than agricultural activity

![](/data/area-monitoring/markers/binary-land-cover-marker/inconsistent_pixels.webp)

### Link

[See in Area Monitoring App](https://am-pilot.sinergise.com/phoenix/scopes/DEMO_FR23/foi-view/DEMO_FR23.FOI.92288632?from=2023-01-01\&to=2023-12-31\&selected=2023-09-06\&markerContext=DEMO_FR23.MARKER_CONTEXT.1429\&upsampling=NEAREST\&validSignal=true\&layer=SENTINEL2-BARESOIL-MASK\&displayByWeek=false\&observationsPerRow=6\&padding=10\&baseLayer=Satellite\&overlays=%5B%22FOI%22%2C%22FOIs%22%5D\&pageIndex=0\&pageSize=100)